The politics of spatial planning in the city of Surabaya-Indonesia

The politics of spatial planning in the city of Surabaya is still far from the spirit of spatial planning as formulated in Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, especially paragraph 5 of Article 28, which states that urban spatial planning includes; (a) plans for the provision and utilization of green open space; (b) plan for the provision and utilization of non-green open space; and (c) plans for the provision and utilization of infrastructure and facilities for pedestrian networks, public transportation, informal sector activities, and disaster evacuation rooms, which are needed to carry out the function of the city area as a center for socio-economic services and a center for regional growth. That means, spatial planning has not been fully oriented to the interests of sustainable development.

Courtesy of Freepick.com

There are problems faced by stakeholders in an area/region. Each region has complex problems related to spatial planning. Every stakeholder has an interest at stake in spatial planning. There are city planners, (Regional People's Representative Assembly/Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah/DPRD), business people, developers, street vendors, etc. These actors have a big role in sustainable urban development.

The spatial planning of the city of Surabaya has not paid attention to the context of regional spatial planning autonomy, so this has led to the neglect of urban planning which has an impact on the surrounding city. The city government is still weak institutionally. Institutional in this case refers to a comprehensive understanding of the definition of an organization with all the rules (rule of the game) that control behavior and patterns of interaction between actors involved in the process of preparing and implementing inter-regional spatial plans. Then, spatial planning also cannot be defined at the administrative stage (preparation of plan documentation) but also reaches the coordination stage between local governments to ensure consistency of plan implementation.

There is a tendency to find it difficult to synergize the city planners who are the synergy of the three actors. There is a system and product (physical) oriented planner, and that is politics. There is no spatial planning without a political process. In each of their interactions, the three actors always go through a series of urban processes and political processes. This is something to consider in planning. The face of Surabaya city space as it is today is a product of the interaction of political, economic, and civil society actors. These actors also determine urban spaces because a series of urban processes are accelerating faster than planned. This is due to urbanization and the successful development of the city of Surabaya.


Not all of Surabaya's urban spaces grow according to plan, there are spaces that are formed unplanned, there are spaces that grow spontaneously. The physical form of space (city morphology) is the result of the formation of social, cultural, economic, and political life. The city and its life are non-agricultural—a center of power, a regional economic center that sucks in job seekers, creates a heterogeneous life so that inequality and social problems arise. That is the politics of spatial planning, starting with planning in the field of arrangement, utilization, and ending with space control. The politics of spatial planning from this study recommends the need for participatory planning that involves the community in an inclusive and democratic manner to produce spatial products that are able to answer the needs of the future city of Surabaya, which has the characteristics and character of a compact city.

The city of Surabaya continues to process and run without the regulation of spatial planning and territory (Rencana Tata Ruang dan Wilayah/RTRW) . This is really ironic and dangerous in terms of supervision and also the use of space. The possibility of this can lead to the transfer of space function. In the process according to the function of space and time of development, the city of Surabaya will reach a point of balance that bridges the perception gap between actors in designing its urban space. As an urban area and environment, Surabaya is characterized by physical characteristics that tend to be non-natural, high activity intensity, and the importance of intensive citizen involvement in building and realizing the overall performance of the city of Surabaya. The current performance of the city of Surabaya is the embodiment of processes and dynamics that have taken place from the past to the interests of the future. Aggregate performance can be built systemically or as a collection of various and diverse processes that are more partial and specific.

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