Sustainable Development Goals, Citizens' Spatial Practices in Public Spaces and an Inclusive Jakarta City

Providing public spaces is the focus of Sustainable Development Goals/SDGs number 11. It comes out as a form of international commitment to improve the quality of life from one generation to the next through social development, economic growth, and environmental protection. The crucial point of SDGs No. 11 has inspired positive opportunities for governments around the world to adopt new styles of urban planning to build and develop public space as a principle organizing the shape and well-being of cities. It is hoped that by 2030, there will be universal access to public and green spaces that are safe, inclusive and easily accessible, especially for women and children, the elderly and persons with disabilities/vulnerable people (United Nations, 2015).

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Public spaces are such an essential asset for cities and their citizens. Public spaces provide many opportunities for many people to gather, interact, and engage with the community. If the public sphere is successful then the citizens with all the diversity beneath their groups exist and the cities create a social space for everyone in the community to participate. Most public spaces in Jakarta have been transformed into openly child-friendly public space and some have become public spaces for plazas/malls. How to provide and make public space a public service by local government and as a place where we can all exercise our common right to the city. Sustainable management of public spaces can only be entrusted to entities that respond directly to their citizens and deliver goods and services to all local governments. In Jakarta, sidewalk space is sterile from street vendors. The sidewalk space is filled with various decorations and furnishings that provide aesthetic value, beauty, and comfort for pedestrians.

The existence of new public spaces that are developing lately are designed and built in Jakarta to evoke traditional public space (before there was a public space called child-friendly integrated public space/RPTRA) to produce public spaces so that its enable to assert and fight for the rights of vulnerable/marginalized people and those who excluded. Other public spaces such as malls, plazas, RPTRA for socio-cultural expression space as well as consumption. Public spaces have begun to reveal reality according to their characteristics as spaces that can be easily accessed by the public. What is interesting about the creation and provision of public space in Jakarta is that there is a dispute between the private sector and the government. A collaborative contest is not a contestation that leads to conflict. Its leading to a result in which public spaces in Jakarta doesn't only expanded over the five administrative regions of DKI Jakarta, but also public space developed by the government by making a good use of both regional budget (APBD) and private funds so called RPTRA are actually utilized by the public without any socio-cultural cultural boundaries.

The more citizens who’s taking advantage of the existing public space, the greater the opportunities for Jakarta becoming an inclusive city. The dialectic of space production presented by Lefebvre does not fully explain the production of public space in Jakarta. Because of the public space manufacturing such as RPTRA, parks are being aggressively pushed by various interactions presented by numerous parties who come up with their interests to create such inhabitable, nice and civilized place to live in. The inclusive public space are determined as the conditions to generate the inclusive city of Jakarta so that its citizens' spatial practices are guaranteed. 

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