Shifting Land and Space Functions in Surabaya City, East Java-Indonesia

The paradigm of development at the beginning of the millennium can be said to have changed, one of the factors that influenced this shift was the issue of global warming at the end of the decade of the 90s. The issue of global warming itself raises the facts of the destruction of the ecological balance caused by rapid industrialization in almost all corners of the earth. Industrialization in first world countries contributes the highest carbon emissions, while in third world countries they are often blamed for their contribution to clearing tropical forests.

Courtesy of Freepick.com 

The implementation of the concept of sustainable development is not limited to the big plans of national development, but can be applied on a smaller scale such as sustainable city design, or even sustainable home design. Sustainable development has a goal to create a balance of three elements, namely the ecological, social, and economic environment, or in the context of spatial language often referred to as, ecological space, economic space, and social space. Referring to the goal of sustainable development so that this paradigm explicitly requires interaction between the three spaces.

In the language of political science, the interaction between these three spaces has implications for the interaction between stakeholders which is facilitated by legitimate political institutions (government). So that urban planning needs to involve planning experts, the private sector (economy), government, and also the community. By meeting these stakeholders, it is hoped that they will be able to make plans that are productive, comfortable to live in, and create an inclusive city.

Imagining the landscape of a city is a picture that pops into our heads is the arrangement of infrastructure that supports human activities, from asphalt roads, flyovers, buildings, houses, and everything is arranged in a flat plane. If we agree on the landscape picture of a city as I stated above, then maybe we have consciously or unconsciously erased the fact that it is almost impossible to find a flat landscape on this earth. It is the nature of the earth's ecological landscape that is contoured according to the evolution that occurs in the earth's landscape. In other words, the landscape of a city is the result of ecological engineering that is carried out totally by humans, in order to get a comfortable dwelling for them.

The sustainable development paradigm completely opposes the concept of environmental engineering development, because for this paradigm doing ecological engineering will have a direct impact on ecological sustainability as well as on human sustainability itself. Great pressures on the environment such as air pollution, industrial waste, consumption waste, polluted water, exploitation of ground water, etc., ultimately cause a series of bad impacts. Adverse impacts on the environment have a chain impact on the organisms that inhabit, including humans. This chain impact can be felt through the loss of biodiversity, health problems, and welfare.

Spatial planning that ignores the dimensions of sustainable development will leave new problems, namely cities that are not environmentally friendly and inhumane. The urban spaces of Surabaya have almost no character because the planned spaces do not take public interest into account. The existing spaces grew chaotic, there were developed areas full of good buildings and modern and complete infrastructure so that the area seemed clean, orderly. Meanwhile, there are slum areas, densely populated, limited infrastructure, and generally inhabited by poor families. The city spaces are divided into divided arenas and can be contrasted with each other. There are spaces that shape it, namely the public and the private sector through their functions as developers of housing, offices, infrastructure, etc.

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