Political Dilemma of Spatial Planning in Urban Areas

Spatial planning politics that focuses on planning aspects is dangerous, threatens the survival of people's lives and the existence of the city. The ideal spatial politics should be harmonize various social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors. Ignoring one aspect or vice versa, emphasizing one aspect means creating inequality or destroying the social and ecological environment of the city. Saving the ecology by building green open spaces is a good step. Likewise, providing open public spaces is much better. But the problem is that development is expensive, the government cannot provide green open spaces or develop public spaces that can be accessed and used by the community as a place for social interaction. There is a trend nowadays (starting from the 20th and 21st centuries, existing and available public spaces are attached to buildings called malls and plazas.

Courtesy of Freepick.com 


Not all of Surabaya's urban spaces grow according to plan, there are spaces that are formed unplanned, there are spaces that grow spontaneously. The physical form of space (city morphology) is the result of the formation of social, cultural, economic, and political life. The city and its life are non-agricultural—a center of power, a regional economic center that sucks in job seekers, creates a heterogeneous life so that inequality and social problems arise.

Spatial planning is political so that friction of interests is unavoidable. Regional People's Representative Assembly of Surabaya Region (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah/DPRD) fights for the public interest but this political representative institution also reduces the public interest at the same time. Therefore, spatial planning is not merely a technical domain but also a political domain and even enters into political economy. In the political domain, the contestation of power in planning represented by the actors has their respective interest targets in accordance with the authority and power they have. Especially in the current era of regional autonomy, the power of a Spatial Planning Law cannot simply be operationalized in an autonomous region. Each city has its own uniqueness related to the growth and development of the city which is influenced by the process of urbanization, suburbanization and the process of sub-urbanization followed by a decline in population in the city center, as well as the process of reurbanization or deurbanization so that villages (suburban areas) gradually disappear into urban areas. 


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