Establishment of a Working Group for the Protection and Empowerment of Women and Children in Effective and Inclusive Social Conflict

The Indonesian government has determined that the appropriate institution to handle women and children in social conflicts is not the Timdu (Integrated Social Conflict Management Team), but the Working Group for the Protection and Empowerment of Women and Children in Social Conflict (Pokja P3AKS). This institution was formed as a response to the high number of social conflict potential and social conflict cases that happened in Indonesia and caused deprivation of security, safety, peace, and human rights from the Indonesian people. National level Timdu PKS recorded that in 2018-2019 there had been seventy-one social conflicts happening in various provinces. The 2018 Village Potential (PoDes) statistical data shows that almost 3.150 villages or 3,75% from the total of 84.000 villages in Indonesia are vulnerable to social conflict and became the scene of mass fighting. In addition, in most of the cases, social conflict leads to violences and causes a group of people to become displaced persons.

Courtesy of Freepick.com


According to Center for Security and Welfare Studies (CSWS) team research of the Social and Political Science Faculty, Airlangga University on 2020-2021 about the types or characteristics of social conflict and the potential to create instability in society throughout East Java, i.e: 1) the radicalism movement; 2) terrorism; 3) General Elections (Election) and Regional Head Elections (Pilkada); 4) religion/ belief stream; 5) places of worship; 6) Land/agrarian disputes 7) Mining disputes; and 8) disputes between community organizations. In Figure 1 above, each region, namely Blitar Regency, Sampang Regency and Tuban Regency, has a distinctive social conflict in each region which is influenced by local social, economic and natural conditions.

Here is a slight illustration of the intensity of social conflict in East Java. Up until this moment, East Java has not yet finished handling the case of the social conflict of belief between Sunnis and Shiites among Sampang residents which resulted in riots and deaths in 2012 and resulted in the displaced person status of approximately 380 Sampang residents. The government is also still facing challenges with resolving agrarian cases and land management such as the one in Blitar Regency. Cases of violent terrorism still arise at the expense of mothers and children as bombers or indirect victims. The unaddressed cases of social conflict in East Java have caused public concern, as was conveyed by Kontras who criticized the East Java Regional Government when the East Java Regional Government received the Best Timdu Province award for Handling Social Conflict in 2019.

The government has established the Timdu PKS through its mandate in the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 42 of 2015 concerning the Implementation of Coordination for Handling Social Conflicts. In handling social conflicts so far, the specific needs of women and children tend to be left behind or even neglected. In handling social conflicts, special institutions that are able to provide protection for the human rights of women and children are needed in order to make women and children empowered (no longer vulnerable) in their lives which are full of potential social conflicts.

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