Urban Space in a Marxian Perspective

The development of world cities in the 21st century tends to lead to development as capitalist cities. City spaces are all contested. So that urban space must be arranged efficiently for the benefit of the community, including road space for public transportation needs to be a must. Likewise, the existence of street buildings in urban areas does not always match the image of its public nature. Street space as a public space appears as part of civil society, which at the same time establishes itself as a domain where commodity exchange and social work occur which are regulated by separate rules (Habermas, 2007). At a time when the urban world is characterized by the mode of production of space, the public sphere is a world of domination in which the state, capitalists and the bourgeoisie are in control of that space (Lefebvre, 1991).

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Urban space is for collective consumption as Castells put it. Urban in the everyday sense is not defined as a production process as is often emphasized by Marxist analysts, but in the case of Castells (1973) emphasizes the unit of consumption and reproduction of labor. According to Castells, there is a real relative autonomy between economic actors and those in government institutions in the city. These two types of actors are often involved in tension (conflict). Castells (1973) asserts that the explanation which states that space is purely a product of social construction is equivalent to the statement that culture gives birth to nature. On the other hand, if the actors find themselves in a situation that is not entirely from. they choose, then the pattern of social relations cannot be traced back solely to the intent of acting on needs because of the dislocation between experience and knowledge. According to Castells, social processes are not wills or strategies, but are social effects.


With the condition of the city that continues to develop, there are problems that arise simultaneously, namely: flooding, slum and uninhabitable houses in public places (under bridges, garbage disposal, railroad tracks, overpasses, and others). What will happen next to the city that is no longer able to accommodate the needs of facilities and infrastructure for the community?


Spatial planning that pays attention to the concept of sustainable development is one answer. The city in each of its spaces becomes livable, comfortable to live in, environmentally friendly, easy to access transportation, and of course a city that is designed in a sustainable manner provides many conveniences for its residents in earning a living and it is also possible for the quality of life to improve and become better.

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