Civil Society and Decentralisation: Trends in Indonesia

The weakening of civil society as a discourse or movement deserves to be studied more deeply. Because as a discourse it can raise public awareness of the importance of independence, equality, equal rights, and social justice and if placed as a movement, civil society must become a movement that is rooted in the community, carrying out a process of empowerment, strengthening, and community liberation.

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Political machines such as decentralization, the development of a participatory culture, and critical awareness of community groups are important elements for the progress of this country and nation. Amartya Sen's (1999) opinion: "...the most important thing that happened in the twentieth century was the widespread phenomenon of democracy as a form accepted by many governments in the world..." Sen's opinion is believed by many to be the most likely form to become the basis of a social system that human. In turn, we arrive at a hypothesis: regional autonomy provides space for strengthening the role of civil society and blood autonomy supports the process of growing and strengthening democracy in the regions.


The strength of civil society is actually a prerequisite for regional autonomy. Various critical studies have concluded that the implementation of democratic governance in Indonesia can be measured by the strength or presence or absence of community participation. Before the reform, there was nothing that could mean that regional autonomy had taken place, except for the presence of the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (district assembly) which had a more symbolic meaning. At the present time, differentiation which refers to the process of separation and specialization is increasing in roles, institutional environments and associations in society experiencing rapid progress. The higher the development of a political system, the greater its structural complexity and the greater the number of explicit and specialized administrations based on their functions and the political structure they will have. The equality to permeate the democratic system of state and government is equality that can guarantee the development of a sense of identity, civic duty and integration.


Local/Regional autonomy, civil society, and democracy are three aspects that form one unit, because regional autonomy and civil society are the political screws for democracy. Civil society in the context of democracy, both at the formal and informal levels, can no longer be a tool to validate the regime's power. The power of civil society should no longer be used by the regime to build a monolithic state power (strong sate). The structural barriers that castrate democracy must be removed. Civil society should not be paralyzed by any force, especially in the name of the state.


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