PPKM Policy Implementation in Indonesia: Biopolitical Perspective

In Indonesia, there is concern about the policy of implementing Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) to control the transmission of the corona virus in Indonesia, which is very intense and challenging. The whole elements of this discourse are unsettling, positioning people who are considered 'vulnerable' with no exception. The main problem isn't revolving simply around population uncertainty, yet to describe how the conceptual connection between biopolitics and biopower with the policies that have been taken and implemented by the government has an effect on reducing the number of people who died and were infected with Covid-19. Hence, the PSBB policy which later changed to PPKM is actually an idea about the ability of the government and all elements in society to be ready by dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic as a reality after population existence.

Courtesy of Freepick.com


PPKM is functioned by the government to replace the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) term. The policy in PPKM is considered by the government as an effort to deal with the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. The policy limits community activities at the micro level. PPKM is carried out per region which is experiencing a high spike in Covid-19 cases. The rate of escalating cases is seen at the RW/RT level by scanning the number of houses exposed to the coronavirus pandemic. Recently, the government is compiling an emergency micro PPKM in line with the surge of the coronavirus cases in Indonesia. The plan is to expand the activity restrictions to the orange zone or known as moderate risk from previously only in the red zone.


The policy for the Implementation of Restrictions on Community Activities (PPKM) as a substitute for the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy. PSBB Based on a Government Regulation derived from a derivative Law of the Health Quarantine. In conclusion, the PPKM and PSBB policies are important terms related to COVID-19 issued by the government to stop the transmission of Covid-19. The PSBB and PPKM policies within the framework of Foucauldian's ideas are about the government's power to discipline community activities. PPKM policies vary from micro to emergency PPKM or level 4 which applies on the islands of Java and Bali from the 3rd to 20th of July 2021. Later, it was extended until August 2, 2021. The PPKM is intended to reduce the rate of transmission of various variants of Covid-19 (Alpha, Beta, Delta and Kappa) which are already increasingly virulent, whereas those believed to be faster and more easily transmitted and cause severe symptoms in patients.

The PPKM policy is not just a physical regulation of human body matters by implementing health protocols, vaccinating, but also non-physically. Many are depressed due to the implementation of PPKM at the grassroots community level. The range of problems due to the implementation of PPKM is socio-economic problems, ranging from boredom at home, food insecurity for poor families, to social vulnerabilities such as criminality.

To sum it up, the PSBB and PPKM policies are forms of biopolitical policies that emphasize disciplinary and quarantine practices for the population. The PPKM policy is not a regional quarantine (lockdown), but a tightened restriction on the mobility of citizens. This policy relates to the extraordinary power of government during unprecedented times. In this context, the biopolitics of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is discussed. When steps that are taken by the government fail to contain the deployment of the coronavirus, we need a new image to address the challenges that lie before us.


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